نوع مقاله : ترویجی
نویسنده
نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
One of the major concerns for the faithful in the path to salvation is confronting the nafs (self-desires) and Satan. The issue of nafs and Satan is presented and clarified in the Holy Qur’an. The author endeavors to identify and analyze the methods of operation of the nafs and Satan and the ways to counter them. This research is a qualitative study conducted using inductive content analysis with a data coding system. The findings reveal that concerning the conceptualization of the nafs, six main categories were identified the way nafs operates to misguide humans, followers of the nafs, manifestations of the nafs, common characteristics of carnal desires, consequences of following the nafs, and results of resisting the nafs. Regarding the conceptualization of Satan, four major categories were recognized: Satan’s method of misguiding humans, types of Satan’s commands, reasons for Satan’s dominance, and methods of resistance against Satan, each encompassing its own components. Comparing the ways the nafs and Satan operate shows both rely on giving deceptive worldly promises and making evil deeds appear attractive to humans. Both engage in whispering (waswasa) and instigating desires in hearts, with the difference that the root of temptation by the nafs is internal and instinctual, whereas Satan’s whispering and overall operation have an external source. Nevertheless, they complement each other and continuously attack humans from internal and external fronts. Their shared tactics include commanding evil deeds (munkar), weakening faith, targeting willpower, promoting materialism, diverting from the straight path, creating heedlessness of the Lord, and hindering humans from the right path.
کلیدواژهها [English]