The Exegetical Bases and Methods and Its Role in the Explanation of the Concept of Tawhid

The Holy Quran from the view of all Islamic schools has been propounded as the foundation of the affirmation of the Islamic theological and ideological beliefs. With the pivot of Tawhid (oneness of God) as the most important fact presented in the Islamic - ideological bases, the present paper has studied the effect of the exegetical -tafsiri- bases and methods in this area. The method in this note is to study the role and function of the interpretive methods in the explanation of Tawhid concept. The current of hermeneutic interpretation because of being under the strong influence of the interpretive bases has been paid attention and has researched the undesirable outcomes of this approach in the validity of the issuance of the holy Quran. The distinguished look to the Quranic revelation with the presentation of human being and non-divine origination for the verbal quiddity and their semantics has been the milestone of the interpretive principles of the hermeneutic current which it has directly influenced the understanding of this current of the different aspects of Tawhid concept. In the field of the indicative Principles has been paid attention to the semantic stages and the comprehensibility of the Quranic revelation and has been emphasized on the Tawhid issues such as taʾwīl (Interpretation or allegorical interpretation) and tashaboh (similarity) of the God’s attributes. Impact on The method is to examine the role and use of the bases. Emphasizing of the indicative independence of the holy Quran between the Shia and Sunni scholars sometimes causes the Salafi attitudes in the field of practical monotheism (at-Tawhid al-Amali); the interpretive method originating from hadiths in its Sunni seminary school in Salafi current has been appeared and with relying on the weak traditions, tajsim (in effect believing that God has a body) and tashbih (anthropomorphism) in the field of Unity of Attribute (al_Tawhid al_Sifati) has been indused. The approach of narration (of hadith) in Shiite seminary school also with corrupting the indicative independence of the holy Quran has been leaded to tawil (Interpretation or allegorical interpretation) and esotericism in the area of monotheism (Tawhid). The rich presence of the hermeneutic and allegorical Interpretations in the method of the philosophical interpretation and paying attention to the holy Quran as a literary and cultural product in the method of the literary interpretation has also followed harmful (bad) effects in the perception of the companions of these two currents in the area of Unity of Attribute (al_Tawhid al_Sifati).